Dada art was an intentional disruption of the status of art. According to Peter Burger, in Theory of the Avant-Garde, they are responding against the distribution system of art and the status of art.
The salons, the critics, the galleries had already become important to the success of an artist's work. Dada revoked their rule by producing shows in unexpected places, by undermining traditional means (hence the collage or use of daily material) to which critic's might knowingly respond, and not producing work that was for sale but could only be experienced in the spontaneous production (Dada shows). This flaunts l'art pour l'art by taking it to its conceptual extreme. It also ridicules the philosophy's tenet of purety by showing its actual meaninglessness in actual life.
This relation to life is not insignificant since Dada's use of everyday materials is intentional. By introducing the mundane into the, so-deemed, heightened sphere of art, it actually questions whether art is necessarily so removed or whether art may not have a concordance to, what Burger calls, the praxis of life.
Dada art could not maintain this constant rupture, and hence the slow development of surrealism, which nonetheless continued to put in question form and content (that is another discussion altogether). But in questioning the institution of art, it (and, in Burger's argument, the other historical avant-garde movements) establishes two things about the development of art in bourgeois society:
1- the progressive detachment of art from life
2- the distinct sphere of existence that becomes the realm of art
Given that brief overview, I am even more intrigued to consider the incorporation of Dada art into museums. That Dada art saw itself as subversive art expands the definition of art clearly but then inherently undermines itself as subversive. Thus, Dada art becomes a part of the aesthetic tradition and so belongs in museums.
It seems as if it ushers in ideology (of an aesthetic, political, social, philosophical, etc) over artistic means. This is something also to be addressed (and Burger does) but I can't help but think that other artists had done this before in style or content (eg, Hieronymous Bosch, Manet, Seurat). I guess the difference is that they stayed on the canvas, whereas Dada questioned the canvas too–though surrealism would not. The artistic means then become the central point of contention, and by changing the means the content too changes. For now though, I still think that these others were provocative as well and became part of the establishment against which Dada would revolt, making Damien Hirst's "Flies" not so very exciting but a mere extension of the historical avant-garde. Hirst then becomes a part of art history, and the Stuckists' revolt against him and the museums becomes the revolt against the revolting.
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